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Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (usually abbreviated to NSAIDs ), also called nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents/analgesics (NSAIAs) or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medicines (NSAIMs), are a class of drugs that provides analgesic (pain-killing) and antipyretic (fever-reducing) effects, and, in higher doses, anti-inflammatory effects. The term ''nonsteroidal'' distinguishes these drugs from steroids, which, among a broad range of other effects, have a similar eicosanoid-depressing, anti-inflammatory action. As analgesics, NSAIDs are unusual in that they are non-narcotic and thus are used as a non-addictive alternative to narcotics. The most prominent members of this group of drugs, Aspirin, ibuprofen and naproxen, are all available over the counter in most countries. Paracetamol (acetaminophen) is generally not considered an NSAID because it has only little anti-inflammatory activity. It treats pain mainly by blocking COX-2 mostly in the central nervous system, but not much in the rest of the body.〔 Most NSAIDs inhibit the activity of cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and thereby, the synthesis of prostaglandins and thromboxanes. It is thought that inhibiting COX-2 leads to the anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic effects and that those NSAIDs also inhibiting COX-1, particularly aspirin, may cause gastrointestinal bleeding and ulcers.〔Clive P. Page, Michael J. Curtis, Morley Sutter, Michael Walker, Brian Hoffman. (Farmacología integrada ) (in Spanish). Published by Elsevier España, 1998. ISBN 84-8174-340-2〕 == Medical uses == NSAIDs are usually used for the treatment of acute or chronic conditions where pain and inflammation are present. NSAIDs are generally used for the symptomatic relief of the following conditions: * Osteoarthritis〔 * Rheumatoid arthritis * Mild-to-moderate pain due to inflammation and tissue injury〔 * Low back pain〔 * Inflammatory arthropathies (e.g., ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis, reactive arthritis) * Tennis elbow * Headache〔 * migraine〔 * Acute gout〔 * Dysmenorrhoea (menstrual pain)〔 * Metastatic bone pain〔 * Postoperative pain〔 * Muscle stiffness and pain due to Parkinson's disease〔 * Pyrexia (fever)〔 * Ileus〔 * Renal colic〔 * They are also given to neonate infants whose ductus arteriosus is not closed within 24 hours of birth〔 Aspirin, the only NSAID able to irreversibly inhibit COX-1, is also indicated for inhibition of platelet aggregation. This is useful in the management of arterial thrombosis and prevention of adverse cardiovascular events. Aspirin inhibits platelet aggregation by inhibiting the action of thromboxane A2. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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